federal reserve Archives - MKTPlace

Fed’s Yellen Hints Rate Hike, but Stresses Patience

Market Place — Thu, 26 Feb 2015 07:00:19 +0000

The Federal Reserve could begin normalizing interest rates this year, but won’t rush to do so amid tepid wage growth and tame inflation, central bank Chairwoman Janet Yellen said on Tuesday.

Testifying before Congress, Yellen sought to lay the groundwork for how the Federal Reserve would begin raising interest rates after more than six years. She continued to stress patience in normalizing monetary policy, echoing the Federal Open Market Committee’s January rate statement.

The Federal Reserve “will at some point begin considering an increase in the target range for the federal funds rate on a meeting-by-meeting basis,” Yellen told Congress on Tuesday. However, Yelllen was careful to manage expectations, stressing that the Fed’s eventual change in language would not necessarily translate into a shift in policy.

“It is important to emphasize that a modification of the forward guidance should not be read as indicating that the [Federal Reserve] will necessarily increase the target rate in a couple of meetings,” she added. “The modification should be understood as reflecting the [Federal Reserve’s] judgment that conditions have improved to the point where it will soon be the case that a change in the target range could be warranted at any meeting,”

The data-driven Fed has relied on the economic indicators to adjust monetary policy, having closed the books on a record bond-buying program only last October. Yellen said on Tuesday that unemployment was still too high, despite acknowledging broad improvements “on many dimensions.” Unemployment edged up slightly to 5.7 percent in January as workforce participation increased. Employers added 257,000 jobs in January and have added an average of 336,000 jobs per month over the last three months.

While several Fed officials have indicated they would like to have the option to raise interest rates in June, the minutes of the January FOMC meetings revealed growing concerns about tame inflation and a volatile global economy. For its part, the Fed has remained consistent in its messaging since December, when it first started using the word patience to describe interest rate adjustments.

The FOMC’s next meetings will be held in Washington on March 17-18. They will be accompanied by revised GDP, inflation and employment forecasts, as well as the closely followed “dot-plot” chart of interest rate expectations. The Fed’s December forecast showed policymakers anticipated interest rates to rise to 1.125 percent by the end of the year.

Market Place

MKTPlace is a leading digital and social media platform for traders and investors. MKTPlace offers premiere resources for trading and investing education, digital resources for personal finance, news about IoT, AI, Blockchain, Business, market analysis and education resources and guides.

EUR/GBP at 7-Year Lows Ahead of Carney, Draghi Remarks

Market Place — Wed, 25 Feb 2015 12:10:42 +0000

The EUR/GBP sunk to fresh seven-year lows on Tuesday, as the beleaguered euro continued to struggle amid ongoing talks between Greece and its EU paymasters about Athens’ proposed four-month loan extension.

The EUR/GBP hit 0.7316 in Tuesday’s European session, a new seven-year low. The pair rebounded slightly in Wednesday’s Asian session and was trading at 0.7333. The pair’s next lifeline is at 0.7319. A break below that level would expose the 0.7300 handle. On the upside, initial resistance is likely found at 0.7354.

On Wednesday Bank of England Governor Mark Carney will testify before parliament’s Treasury Committee. Britain’s top central banker is expected to highlight the country’s steady economic growth over the past year, despite plunging inflation. Carney has stated before that inflation could fall below zero by the spring and that the BOE could cut interest rates further to prevent long-term deflation. According to the Bank’s latest inflation report, the consumer price index will average around zero in the middle of the year before rebounding toward the end of 2015.

Last year investors appeared certain that the BOE would be the first major central bank to begin lifting interest rates. Given Britain’s currency macroeconomic realities, analysts expect the BOE to hold off on raising interest rates until at least the beginning of 2016.

Meanwhile, European Central Bank President Mario Draghi will visit the European Parliament in Brussels on Wednesday, where he will participate in a Plenary Debate on the ECB’s 2013 Annual Report.

Eurozone inflation is forecast to fall at a near-record pace in February, stoking concerns about the long-term health of the currency region and whether quantitative easing would be enough to kick start the recovery. While Germany posted stronger than forecast GDP growth in the fourth quarter of last year, the bulk of the gains were attributed to a weakening euro and plunging energy prices.

The European Commission will release preliminary euro area CPI figures next Monday. The ECB’s Governing Council will coalesce next Wednesday and Thursday to discuss monetary policy and unveil new economic projections.

In January the ECB announced it would pump up to €1 trillion into the currency region over the next year-and-a-half to stave off deflation. The €60 trillion-a-month bond buying program was much larger than analysts had expected. The announcement brought the ECB closer into line with Bank of England and United States Federal Reserve, which unleashed their own bond buying programs following the 2008 financial crisis.

Market Place

Housing Data, FOMC Minutes to Drive US Dollar This Week

Market Place — Tue, 17 Feb 2015 07:00:45 +0000

The US dollar was little changed against a basket of currencies on Monday, as American traders paused to observe President’s Day. The greenback could face significant action this week, led by a slew of housing data and the minutes of the January 27-8 FOMC policy meetings.

The US dollar index, a weighted average of the greenback against a basket of six currencies, dipped 0.07 percent to 94.14. The dollar index tumbled sharply last Thursday following disappointing US retail sales.

On the economic calendar, housing data take centre stage this week. On Tuesday the National Association of Home Builders will release the monthly housing market index, a gauge of homebuilder confidence. The housing market index is expected to rise one point to 58 in February, nearing September’s nine-year high of 59. A reading above 50 is a general sign of optimism about housing market conditions, whereas a reading below that level denotes pessimism.

On Wednesday the Department of Commerce will report on housing starts and building permits, key indicators of overall housing activity. Housing starts are forecast to decline 1.7 percent to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 1.07 million in January. Housing starts had rebounded sharply in December, rounding out the strongest year since 2007. Building permits are forecast to rise 2.7 percent in February, according to a median estimate of economists.

In addition to housing figures, the US government will release industrial production and producer inflation data on Wednesday.

Industrial production is forecast to rebound 0.3 percent in January after slipping 0.1 percent in December. The capacity utilization rate is forecast to rise to 79.9 percent from 79.7 percent.

The producer price index, which gauges inflation in primary markets, is forecast to fall 0.4 percent in January following a 0.3 percent drop the previous month. Excluding food and energy, the PPI is forecast to rise 0.1 percent.

The Federal Reserve on Wednesday will also release the minutes of its January Federal Open Market Committee policy meetings. The Federal Reserve announced last month it would be patient in starting to raise interest rates, a sign policymakers would keep monetary policy highly accommodative for longer than initially expected.

“Based on its current assessment, the Committee judges that it can be patient in beginning to normalize the stance of monetary policy,” read the central bank’s January 28 statement.

The Fed added, “When the Committee decides to begin to remove policy accommodation, it will take a balanced approach consistent with its longer-run goals of maximum employment and inflation of 2 percent.”

Market Place

How Do Central Banks Affect Exchange Rates

Market Place — Mon, 09 Feb 2015 17:00:56 +0000

We all know that central bank decisions are some of the most influential occurrences on the forex markets, but how do the actual mechanics work? When the Bank of Japan lowers interest rates, the SNB stops buying Euros, or the ECB starts buying bonds, what’s going on?
Here we’re going to have a look at the basic mechanics that cause central bank decisions to hit the forex markets. The important thing to remember is that old solid Supply and Demand. Currencies trade based on this in the same way as any other commodity. Central Banks have to affect on, the other or both in order to change exchange rates.

Interest rate changes
Back before 2008 central bank’s simply wouldn’t attempt to intervene overbearingly in markets and interest rate changes were the only likely outcome of a meeting of the Federal Reserve. When the Federal Reserve changes its interest rate, it changes the relative benefit of keeping money in one currency instead of another.

If the central bank increases the interest rate, bank rates and bond rates in the United States tend to go up. If everything else remains equal the US dollar is more attractive to hold that the euro or yen and money begins to flow into the country’s investments.

Basically the price of the currencies with higher interest rates will go up until no more money can be made through simple transfers. On the financial markets, as you can see after major interest rate decisions are made, this happens almost instantly.

Direct market intervention
This is the actual buying and selling of currencies by central banks designed to influence exchange rates. At its simplest level it involves affecting the demand for one currency in another by central bank intervention. It can take several different forms in specific cases, however.

The best example in recent years has been the intervention of the Swiss National Bank which set the maximum exchange rate at 1.2 Franc to the Euro in 2011. The central bank kept its currency low against the euro by printing francs and using them to buy euros, meaning there would always be infinite supply of Francs at that level and none above it. Nobody is going to sell 1.3 francs for a euro when the central bank is selling them at 1.2.

This, of course, was risky for the Swiss National Bank and was a last gasp policy designed to reduce the impact of serious deflation brought on by a flight to safety during the financial crisis.

The other, more common side of direct intervention is propping up a currency: a practice Russia attempted sporadically through 2014. This involves buying your own currency with the central bank’s foreign currency reserves. This is an unstable practice that can result in the bank running out of reserves, and the weakening of the currency accelerating as a result.

Quantitative easing and other innovations
Less understood than direct intervention because of its novelty, QE involves printing currency in order to buy securities, i.e. bonds and equities. The US began doing this several years ago and was followed by the ECB, the BoE and the BoJ. The way it affects currencies is still debatable, but the central theory references two factors: increase in currency supply and lower interest rates.

Buying US treasuries at such a level means that yields fall substantially, lowering demand for the dollar to buy them in and having a knock-on effect on interest rates across the economy, and having the same effect, at one level, as a change in interest rates.

Increasing the money supply by such a margin, 60 billion euro in the case of the ECB program, every month creates a downward pressure on the price of the currency compared to others.

This has been the basic effect of easing programs in the US, Japan and the UK, but the ultimate result of the European program remains to be seen. Further study as central bank innovations keep popping up will result in greater understanding of these mechanics.

Predicting movement

The above gives an outline of the mechanics that central bank decisions drive on the market, but there’s so many factors affecting the supply and demand for currencies that none is a guaranteed bet. Take any currency chart and look at it through the last seven or eight years to get an idea of the unpredictable volatility that drives forex at certain points in time.

Knowing is half the battle, however, so getting used to the way that central bank decisions are made, and learning about these mechanics and the decision making apparatuses behind them will put you ahead of the average market participant and give you insight into the more complicated derivative results of central bank intervention.

Market Place

6 Central Banks That Rule Forex

Market Place — Mon, 02 Feb 2015 16:00:53 +0000

The role of central banks in deciding exchange rate levels cannot be overestimated. If you want to trade currencies you need to understand what a central bank is, and how it controls exchange rates.

The actions of these institutions drives the day to-day fluctuations in the forex markets, but who are they, and how do they work? Here’s a look at the 6 most important central banks in the world, and the way they make their decisions.

1. The Federal Reserve
This is the big one. The Federal Reserve is the most talked about, and by far the most important, central bank on the planet. The Dollar is the currency of world trade.

How does it work? The seven governors, appointed by the president and confirmed by the senate, serve 14-year terms. The meet once every six weeks with 5 of the 12 presidents of the district reserve banks to form the Federal Open Market Committee. This committee decides interest rates, and more dramatic actions by the central bank.

What does it want? The Federal Reserve’s dual mandate is full employment and stable prices, meaning it wants to keep both inflation and unemployment low. This goal, which is wider than that of many other central banks, is what allowed actions like quantitative easing to take place based on unemployment figures rather than inflation numbers.

2. The European Central Bank
The guardian of the European common currency, the ECB was set up by a treaty between the member states of the Eurozone, which now number 19.

How does it work? The decision making body of the bank is made up of the 19 heads of regional central banks and six executive board members nominated by the governments of the bloc in concord with each other. The bank’s governing council meets twice per month in Frankfurt, and announces its monetary policy decisions at the first of these.

What does it want? Enshrined in treaty, the objective of the ECB is clear: maintain price stability in the Eurozone. This is the reason that the ECB was not able to introduce QE-style program to allay the effects of unemployment. The bank was only allowed to interfere on the grounds of dangerous deflation.

3. The Bank of Japan
The keeper of the Yen since the nineteenth century Meiji Restoration, the BoJ is the monetary policy decision maker of Japan.

How does it work? The committee of the bank of Japan is made up of nine members, including a governor and two deputy governors. The committee meets once or twice per month in order to decide the country’s monetary policy.

What does it want? The bank of Japan doesn’t have the kind of clearly defined goals that the Fed or ECB have, making it a little less predictable. It’s mandate gives it reign to implement monetary policy and ensure the soundness of the financial system while maintaining price stability, though it doesn’t put any of these goals on a pedestal above the others.

4. The Bank of England
By far the oldest bank on this list, and the one that the rest have based themselves off of, the Bank of England has been around for more than three hundred years.

How does it work? Tricky because of its reliance on British traditional politics for guidance, the Bank of England’s monetary policy is decided by a committee which is made up of nine members and meets once every month.

What does it want? Price stability is currently the main goal of the BoE, but that can change as it’s the government that chooses the inflation target, and the overall objective can be amended by act of parliament. If the bank misses that target by a wide margin it has to explain its mistakes to the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

5. The Swiss National Bank
Established in 1907, the Swiss National Bank floats 45% of its shares on the stock market, and is the only central bank on this list that actually makes a profit.

How does it work? The SNB is supposed to conduct it monetary policy decisions as if it were an independent central bank. The governing board of the SNB has three members who are responsible for decisions on monetary policy. It decides interest rates quarterly.

What does it want? Price stability, including a definition thereof, is the central goal of the Swiss National Bank, though it has a secondary goal of accounting for economic developments in order to foster an atmosphere that supports economic growth.

6. The People’s Bank of China
Unusually opaque, the People’s Bank of China acts as the central bank for the yuan. It was the only bank in the communist country for decades, but the liberalization of the banking system left the PBC squarely with the duties of a central bank.

How does it work? China’s monetary policy is decided by a committee which includes the governor and two deputy-governors of the PBC, along with representatives from government, regulators and an academic. The committee meets quarterly.

What does it want? The goals of the monetary policy committee are set to be prescribed by the State Council, meaning they’re unusually amendable.

Market Place

US dollar continues higher as Fed pledges patience toward raising interest rates

Market Place — Thu, 29 Jan 2015 07:00:22 +0000

The US dollar advanced against a basket of currencies Wednesday, as the Federal Reserve conveyed optimism that inflation would gradually reach its target in the medium-term despite pledging to be patient on raising interest rates.

The US dollar index – a weighted average of the greenback’s performance against a basket of six currencies – climbed 0.33 percent to 94.33. The index reached an intraday high of 94.46 in the hours leading up to the Federal Open Market Committee rate statement.

The Federal Reserve made no changes to monetary policy on Wednesday, pledging to remain patient about raising interest rates in the face of below-trend inflation.

“To support continued progress toward maximum employment and price stability, the Committee today reaffirmed its view that the current 0 to 1/4 percent target range for the federal funds rate remains appropriate,” the Federal Reserve outlined in its official rate statement.

The statement added, “When the Committee decides to begin to remove policy accommodation, it will take a balanced approach consistent with its longer-run goals of maximum employment and inflation of 2 percent. The Committee currently anticipates that, even after employment and inflation are near mandate-consistent levels, economic conditions may, for some time, warrant keeping the target federal funds rate below levels the Committee views as normal in the longer run.”

Policymakers are confident that inflation will gradually return to target in the medium-term as the “transitory effects” of lower energy prices and labour market underutilization diminish. Energy prices have plunged nearly 60 percent since the summer, driving down inflationary pressures throughout the advanced industrialized world. This has prompted central banks in Canada, Switzerland and Singapore, among others, to ease monetary policy to stave off deflation and promote economic growth.

The Federal Reserve has maintained rock-bottom interest rates for more than six years, having only in October ended its record bond-buying program. According to experts, the Federal Reserve could begin lifting interest rates in the second half of the year. Analysts had previously forecast a rate hike to materialize by June.

Rate-hike speculation has fueled the US dollar over the past seven months. The US dollar index is trading at 12-year highs, having gained more than 17 percent year-over-year.

The dollar was trading higher against the euro on Wednesday, as the EUR/USD declined 0.67 percent to 1.1307. The pair is likely to face initial support at 1.1277 and resistance at 1.1359.

The greenback rose more than 100 pips against its Canadian counterpart, as the USD/CAD retook the critical 1.25 level. The pair consolidated at 1.2509 in the North American session. Initial support is likely found at 1.2425 and resistance at 1.2555.

The US dollar could receive a boost at the end of the week when the Commerce Department reports on fourth quarter GDP. The US economy is forecast to rise 3.3 percent annually in the fourth quarter, following a 5 percent gain in the July to September period.

Market Place